Mindfulness The Practice Of Mindfulness - 1556 Words

The concept of mindfulness has its origins in Eastern spiritual meditation practices. Instructions on the principles and practice of mindfulness are at the heart of the teachings of the Buddha (Thera, 1962; Gunaratana, 1992; Hanh, 1999). Mindfulness involves â€Å"paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgmentally† (Kabat-Zinn, 2013, Introduction section, para. 6). The practice of mindfulness focuses on observing and accepting thoughts and emotions as they are without trying to change them. Mindfulness helps the individual to be fully aware of the present moment, without being carried away by thoughts and emotions, without succumbing to an automatic pattern of reaction. Following his own spiritual†¦show more content†¦MBSR is an 8-week training in mindfulness meditation which consists of weekly 2.5-hour group classes and one day-long silence retreat. MBSR has been found to be effective in the management of stress, physical il lnesses, and psychiatric disorders with a range of clinical and non-clinical populations (Grossman, Niemann, Schmidt, Walach, 2004; Cramer, Lauche, Paul, Dobos, 2012; Lauche, Cramer, Dobos, Langhorst, Schmidt, 2013). MBSR was later combined with elements of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT; Beck, Rush, Shaw, Emery, 1979) to create Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT; Segal, Williams, Teasdale, 2002), which has been shown to reduce relapse rates in depression (Kuyken et al., 2008; Ma Teasdale, 2004). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT; Hayes, Strosalh, Emery, 1999), independently developed at around the same time as MBSR, utilizes acceptance, mindfulness, and behavioural strategies to increase psychological flexibility. Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT; Linehan, 1993), originally developed to treat individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD), also incorporates mindfulness skills throughout the treatment program. Mindfulness for eating disorders Cognitive-behavioural approaches are considered to be the gold standard in the treatment of eating disorders (Fairburn, Cooper,

Lord of the Flies by William Golding and Great...

Lord of the Flies by William Golding and Great Expectations by Charles Dickens `Lord of the Flies`, by William Golding was written in 1954 almost a century after Charles Dickens wrote `Great Expectations`, in 1860. Both of the novels are considered as being classics and have been made into films and the books while seeming completely different do have similarities although they are in different social, historical and cultural settings. The frameworks of the books are completely different, `Lord of the Flies` starts as a traditional boys adventure story like `Coral Island`, by R.M. Ballantyne, however it is subverted to a dark, menacing story about how people behave when the constraints of society are removed. The island†¦show more content†¦But although the tropical island is very different from the dark, dank graveyard, both are in some way menacing. The graveyard in menacing because it is dark and overgrown, however in the island this feature is not so apparent, but you can see it in phrases such as skull-like coco-nuts(pg15) and witch-like cry(pg 11). Also both of the settings are enclosed by something, in `Lord of the Flies`, the boys are on an island and are so enclosed by the sea, and in `Great Expectations`, Pips environment is enclosed also by water but in the form of a river, marshes and the sea, intersected with dykes and mounds and gates, with scattered cattle feeding on it, was the marshes; and that the low leaden line beyond, was the river; and that the distant savage lair from which the wind was rushing, was the sea. In these novels the natural limits of the childhood world are shown by these physical boundaries, Pip cannot leave his miserable, dark, poor world because he is too young to earn his keep and look after himself in the outside world, the boys in `Lord of the Flies` do not have the necessary skills to escape the island because they are children, they cannot build a boat or contact people off the island because they lack experience. The narrative voices in the books are dissimilar, `Lord of the Flies` being told in the third person, by an omniscient narrator who can see the disaster which is impending upon the boys.Show MoreRelatedTo what extent does environment play an important role in character’s behaviour towards others?900 Words   |  4 PagesTo what extent does environment play an important role in character’s behaviour towards others? Books: Great Expectations, Charles Dickens, 1861 Lord of the Flies, William Golding, 1954 Environment is a vital factor in determining the behaviour of characters; the books both agree and contradict with each other though. William Golding is of the view that humans share an innate evil: he strips boys of the order of society; he places them in a primitive environment; and in the subsequent story, theirRead MoreModern English Literature3556 Words   |  15 Pagesaddition modernist literature often forcefully opposes, or gives an alternative opinion, on a social concept. Common concerns of modernism are: the breaking down of social norms, rejection of standard social ideas, and traditional thoughts and expectations, rejection of religion and anger against the effects of the world wars. As well, modernists tend to reject history, social systems, and emphasize alienation in modern urban and industrial societies. AUTHORS AND MASTERPIECES 1) Early 20th CenturyRead MoreBelonging Essay4112 Words   |  17 Pagesdo not choose from the below list. Tan, Amy, The Joy Luck Club Lahiri, Jhumpa, The Namesake Dickens, Charles, Great Expectations Jhabvala, Ruth Prawer, Heat and Dust Winch, Tara June, Swallow the Air Gaita, Raimond, Romulus, My Father Miller, Arthur, The Crucible: A Play in Four Acts Harrison, Jane, Rainbow’s End Luhrmann, Baz, Strictly Ballroom - film De Heer, Rolf, Ten Canoes - film Shakespeare, William, As You Like It Skrzynecki, Peter, Immigrant Chronicle Dickinson, Emily, Selected Poems of EmilyRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesthe text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model† for a piece of critical appreciation. Nevertheless, one can give information and suggestions that may prove helpful. PLOT The Elements of Plot When we

Fools Rush in Essay Example For Students

Fools Rush in Essay Fools Rush In Movie Review â€Å"Fools Rush In’ is a love story that has magic, glamour and romance. Mathew Perry plays a Manhattan go getter by the name of Alex Whitman who is sent to Las Vegas to oversee the construction and launching of the latest link in an international chain of nightclubs. Shortly after arriving in Vegas, Alex Whitman meets Isabel Fuentes who is played by Salma Hayek. While waiting in line for the restroom in a small, bustling Mexican restaurant, Isabel, an aspiring photographer, turned on her considerable charm on the boyish Alex to let her go in ahead of him. They instantly hit it off and partake in a one night stand. Subsequently, Alex and his partner pal get their club project underway, and Isabel, who left Alex without so much as her last name or phone number, is out of Alex’s life. However, Isabel appears three months later with news that she is pregnant and he is the father of the child she is carrying. Alex launches on a â€Å"women’s right to choose† speech when she cuts him off, saying that she intends to keep the child and that she expects nothing from him whatsoever. She felt that informing him that he was going to be a father was the honorable thing to do. Alex is from a WASP (White Anglo Saxon Protestant) background while Isabel’s of a proud Mexican American heritage. Distant from his parents, Isabel tells Alex that her relatives need to meet him at least once. â€Å"Fools Rush In† invites its viewers to consider how well many people really know each other when they get married, and how crucial trust and candor are at any relationship. Isabel can sense that Alex is not the marring kind and she lies to him by telling him that she had a miscarriage to release him of any duties he may have felt. Alex realizes that Isabel was a loving person and he tries to find her. Isabel has left to spend some time with her grandmother, and it is during this time that her grandmother convinces her to return and find Alex and tell him the truth. Alex waits for Isabel’s return on the bridge that she must cross to come home. He immediately spots her jeep and stands in the middle of the bridge to force her to stop. When she exits the jeep he notices that she is still pregnant. Overwhelmed with joy that she did not have a miscarriage, he professes his love for her by telling her that fate, not the baby had brought them together. Isabel goes into labor and delivers a baby girl. The movie ends with Alex and Isabel getting married in the true Mexican fashion with her family and friends.

Importance of Business Environment And Strategic Decisions

Question: Task 1 A historical review of the core business domain to understand how themilestones achieved are the foundation for the business position today. Task 2 Highlight the need for and urgency of change internally and in the market environment to fully leverage core business.Assess the relevance of the organisations existing culture, assets and competencies for sustainable market relevance . Task 3 Using relevant strategic choice models, critically identify and discuss the strategic options open to the company. Task 4 Critically evaluate and discuss in relation to implementation the structural, people ,processes and technology issues which will all contribute to shareholder return through improvements in business optimisation ,provided that top management approval is given to your proposals.State how such change could be accomplished, the barriers which may occur and how these could be pre-empted in a change plan. Task 5 One of the Board members has recently attended a seminar on "Strategic Leadership" and would like your team to include a discussion of the importance of strategic leadership to the company in your report. Using relevant sources and contemporary texts on strategy leadership, construct an argument for the attention of the Board. Task 6 Discussion of the strategic trajectories followed by the firm and competencies developed over time Task 7 A critical discussion of the core capabilities of the organisationand culture of the organisation, drawing on relevant modelsApplication of relevant models to conduct an external and competitive analysis to identify and discuss drivers of change and competency gaps. Task 8 Drawing on relevant strategic choice models and business canvas, students are required to explain how the competency gaps could be addressed. Task 9 Application of evaluation models to project outcomes. Discussion of the challenges of resourcing the implementation process. Task 10 Discussion of the relationship between change management and strategy, using appropriate modelsEnsure that evidence sources used are appropriate to the tasks and that the conventions for academic referencing quality are maintained.References, Structure and Construction: using the Harvard referencing system throughout, provide references and evidence sources and use appropriate academic protocol for the report. The submission of your work for assessment should be organized, clearly structured. Answer: Introduction All major organizations in the world look at taking strategic decisions according to the business environment pertaining in the sector and the countries of operation. While some companies like Toyota flourish, other organizations such as Ford Motors may succumb. The question to be asked here is what makes a decision viable and sustainable? Numerous scholars and eminent researchers have looked to answer the question. For example, Dean Sharfman (1996) believe that a cognitive process often leads to the outcome of the decision. (Dean Sharfman, 1996: 368). On the other hand, Khandwalla (1973) believes that when an organization reduces uncertainties in its decision making process, and uses different methods to bring together the various identifiable problems together to be solved in a holistic manner, it leads to effective decision making. (Khandwalla, 1973: 489) Strategic Decisions at Malaysian Airlines and Competencies Developed over time: Malaysian airlines have a few issues issued emerge not just in working and monetary issues additionally they have a few issued in administration. Be that as it may, Malaysia Airlines had its unobtrusive begin in the brilliant time of travel. A helpful arrangement of the Ocean Steamship Organization of Liverpool, the Straits Steamship of Singapore and Imperial Airways prompted a proposal to the legislature of the Colonial Straits consent to run an air administration. The conclusion was the joining of Malayan Airways Limited (MAL) on 12 October 1937. On 2 April 1947, MAL brought to the skies with its first attractive flight as the national Airline. The presence of BOAC likewise encouraged MAL's passage as a part of IATA. After the Freedom of Malaya in 1957 and with the commitment of BOAC, QANTAS, the legislature of the Federation of Malaya, Singapore and the Territory of North Borneo, MAL was dispatched as an unhindered Limited organization. Fuelled by a youthful alongside dynamic group of visionaries, the local bearer transformed into a worldwide carrier in under 10 years. With the production of Malaysia in 1963, the carrier transformed its name to Malaysian Airlines Limited. In 1965, with the severance of Singapore from Malaysia, MAL turned into a bi-national Airli ne and was renamed Malaysia-Singapore Airlines (MSA). In 1966, the Governments of Malaysia and Singapore turned into the lion's share shareholders in the national bearer and Malaysia-Singapore Airlines (MSA). In 1971, the organization including Malaysia and Singapore was disintegrated, and Malaysia Airlines Berhad was fused. With an approved capital of Rm100 million, the organization made a last update to its name in November 1971, and Malaysian Airline System Berhad (MAS) was dispatch in new name. Notwithstanding, the year 2005 Malaysia Airlines confronted one of its most difficult times. Working against a testing worldwide monetary atmosphere, expanding rivalry and climbing operational costs, Malaysia Airlines was compelled to comprehensively rebuild operations. On 27 February 2006, recently delegated Managing Director or CEO Dato Sri Idris Jala, alongside another administration group declared a Business Turnaround Plan (BTP). From that point forward various activities and changes were carried out to rebuild the business. The organization had accomplished a noteworthy expense decrease of RM 665 million in budgetary year of 2006 and more than 700 million in 2007. Then again, essentially Mass challenges can be considered into three key issues which are Financial issues, Operational issues and Administration issues. In 1995, Mass administration had propelled a strategic activity to forcefully scale up its operations and worldwide system. Thusly, MAS has put in a request of 25 new Boeings airplane which are to be conveyed in five years time. The buys of the airplane were made in US Dollar and no supporting strategy was utilized around then due to the stable money between Ringgit Malaysia against U.s Dollar. Sadly in 1997, Asian nations including Malaysia acquired financial down turned which, has come about the depreciation of Ringgit Malaysia and an expanded of investment rate. Subsequently, Mas cost of procur ement expanded hugely. Because of the above situation, MAS was accounted for to acquire 5 successive misfortunes for as long as 5 years. In 2001, Mas after duty misfortune was accounted for to be Rm1.3 billion. There have an alternate issue happened in poor client administration and administration framework which put this airlines in extraordinary misfortunes. Large portions of clients whine about their e-ticketing administration which is not taking care of by the administration entirely. The reason is, client database is not observing viably by the administration however there have a gigantic interest in Information System. Organization in decision making deferrals the arrangement which they have to be conveyed as quickly as time permits to the client. Notwithstanding, this issues are not stop here, in further administration are not concerning in regards to about clients whine and not one or the other given any brief ticket discount nor determining e-ticketing issues. By and by, Ma laysian Airline battling with a few issues and getting terrible input from the clients for poor administration as well as outside association of government and political issue etc. Core Capabilities of Malaysian Airlines: In this section, we shall look to analyaze the external and internal factors that affect Malaysian Airlines. The environment in which it operates, as well as run a Porters Five Forces analysis on the airline. SWOT: SWOT is an acronym for Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threat (Renault, 2014). It is primarily used to examine what the strengths and weaknesses are of an organization, and what opportunities and threats it can face in the future. In order to successfully capitalize on the Opportunities, the organization must utilize its strengths and in order to combat future threats, it must repair or remove its weaknesses. Strengths: Malaysia Airline System (MAS) is Malaysia's national carrier. With an fleet quality of in excess of 100 flying machines, the Airline covers very nearly 114 ends of the line over the world. The organization has a solid brand picture over the globe. The gathering has been controlling its solid image picture to win the reliability of Consumers to develop its piece of the overall industry. In any case, serious rivalry in the carrier business may influence the bunch's edge antagonistically. Malaysia Airline has a built brand picture in the residential and in addition the universal business. Malaysia Airline has reliably settled elevated expectations of administration over its business fragments. The gathering has joined the most restrictive gathering of world airlines, being positioned as a 5-Star Airline by the flight rating organization, Skytrax, with only four different airlines on the planet. The organization was regarded with the World's Best Cabin Staff Award for 2006. Separated from the carrier operations, the organization has likewise settled its vicinity in the freight operations. Maskargo won the 'Magnificence in Logistics Air Cargo Services' grant from Engineering Business Review magazine amid 2006. The organization has recorded an increment in the quantity of travelers conveyed and payload persisted the past couple of years. The gathering has been leveraging its solid image picture to win the faithfulness of shoppers to develop its piece of the pie. Malaysi a Airlines have their own particular marking methodology that includes its flight specialists to advance the carrier. This technique tries to show lodge groups of Malaysia Airlines as illustrative of Malaysia accommodation and amicability. Amid the late 1990s to year 2007, Malaysia Airlines has been chosen to utilize the "Going Beyond Expectations" motto to brand itself universally by intensely advancing its administration perfection. In a manner to change their strategy for success Malaysia Airlines have turned out with the new marking technique motto which is "MH is Malaysia Hospitality". It is to highlight the neighborliness of its lodge group rather than the Airline's broad system and its premium lodge and economy class lodge items. Malaysia Airlines actualized a far reaching preparing system for its lodge and flight team. The Airline holds an extended record of administration and best practices incredibleness, having gotten more than 100 honors in the last 10 a long time. Among the late ones were the World's Leading Airline to Asia, Asia's Driving Airline and Asia's Leading Business Class Airline honors by World Travel Awards 2010, United Kingdom. Nonetheless, they concentrated less on honors however on the general experience for our clients". The lodge groups stewardess wore the Malaysian customary 'Sarong Kebaya' to further highlight the Malaysian Hospitality inside its administrations. With its incredible lodge group administrations, MAS have the high ground against opponents such Air Asia, Thai Airways and Singapore Airlines. Malaysia Airlines have solid and decently outlined organizational structure. Its capable administration group dependably assumes the most imperative part in arranging and controlling each and every activity in their administration framework to perform the best brand experience. In spite of the fact that Malaysia Airlines administration had face challenges and misfortunes a few times, the administration group dependably has their own procedures to make certainly that they find themselves able to take this test as their chance to enhance their notoriety and nature of the administration. Malaysia Airlines reveal its Business Turnaround Plan (BTP) in February 2006 which highlighted low yield, a proficient system and low gainfulness. Representative benefit enhanced and Malaysia Airlines recouped from budgetary issue inside 1 year accordingly coming back to gainfulness. With their solid item and quality administrations, Malaysian Airlines was positioned as a 5 star Airlines by SKYTRAX keeping pace with Singapore Airlines and above Thai Airways and Air Asia. Right now, Malaysia Airlines works 5 sorts of air ship in its fleet which included :- Boeing 747-400 Boeing 777-200er Boeing 737-400 Boeing 737-400 and800 Airbus A330-200. Their long term flights which used the Boeing 747 and 777 are all readied with progressed AVOD (Audio and Video on Demand) for its travelers even in Economy Classes, leverage over their adversaries, for example, Thai Airways and Air Asia. Despite the fact that the 747 is considered as a maturing plane, Malaysia Airlines took the chance to reestablish and enhanced its in-flight amusement which has won numerous evaluations from its clients. . Malaysia Airlines B777-200er fleet has a two setup which is Golden Club Class and Economy Class. Its B747-400 fleet has a three-lodge setup, additionally including First Class. Malaysia Airlines premium lodges and Economy Class have been giving various recompenses for magnificence in item and administration conveyance. Malaysia Airlines advancing, wanted to supplant its maturing 747 fleet with the new Airbus A380-800 in 2012 to further vie for strength in the Asian district. An alternate wellspring of quality in Malaysia Airlines was its ability to turn misfortunes into benefits. Malaysia Airlines, had a solid monetary, bouncing back from their 2005 gigantic misfortunes. Their Business Turnaround Plan or BTP was demonstrated effective and the organization experienced gigantic gainfulness from 2007 onwards. This was because of gigantic expense cutting movement executed in the BTP. We can see in 2009 where their consumption was the most reduced post 2006 recuperation subsequently enhanced their income to RM 493 million and better profit for Shareholder's Funds and Earnings every Offer. Weaknesses: Malaysia Airlines shortcomings amid its offerings, work force and monetary. Presentation of ease admissions by specific airlines are surely harming Malaysia Airlines in the short run as they couldn't rival these tolls accordingly losing clients particularly in the residential business sector disordered representatives were the real donor for Malaysia Airlines gigantic misfortune in 2005 and still keep on being an issue and monetarily weaker contrasted with its opponents, for example, Thai Airways and Singapore Airlines. Malaysia Airlines now needs to rival worldwide airlines Thai Airways and Singapore Airlines. Despite the fact that the reality where Malaysia Airlines does gives local and global flight administrations, greater part of the clients of Malaysia Airline are worldwide flight clients. In the event that we contrasted and other carrier organizations, the expense offered by Malaysia Airlines is more costly than others. Its local courses were practically totally assumed contro l via Air Asia. With Air Asia's minimal effort admissions, Malaysia Airlines were not ready to contend subsequent to its local offerings were more lavish. Clients eager to go without solace for shabby air admissions and Air Asia were the client's favored decision. Since Malaysia Airlines crossed out a couple of courses because of their BTP exercises, clients were changing to different airlines that still keep up those ends, for example, Thai Airways and Singapore Airlines. Indeed Air Asia is exploiting this circumstance with their flights covering most Asian ends of the line particularly in India and China and they're charging it less expensive. Despite the fact that a solid income development, Malaysia Airline has recorded low margins. The bunch's working edge has been swaying between 1.6%-1.9percent (Bachman, 2014) somewhere around 2003 and 2006, well beneath the business normal. For the trailing twelve month 2%, as contrasted with the business normal of 5.1%. Besides, the net ove rall revenue of the organization was 2.3% well underneath the business normal of 4.9% amid the same period. The beneath normal margins may unfavourably influence the bunch's development plans and put it at an aggressive detriment. From the assessment on Malaysia Airlines, the past administration group has set their targets obviously and has the best procedures to get their destinations however at the same time, a part of their workers did not know precisely how to actualize the systems viably. That is the reason Malaysia Airlines has met numerous troubles and misfortunes in their business and need to turnaround the business to recuperate the issues and once in a while it needs high turnover rate among workers. Worker wastefulness was the real benefactor that prompted the RM 1.3 billion misfortune in 2005 which identifies with poor administration and decision making regarding supporting expanding fuel costs and poor expense administration in different territories, for example, upkeep , repair and air course arranging. Different evident shortcomings were wasteful arranging in valuing and income administration, deals and appropriation, absence of brand vicinity in remote markets and organizations together with different airlines. The BTP was actualized later to handled these representative issues yet much work are still expected to enhance Malaysia Airlines representatives gainfulness particularly in operations. Despite the fact that Malaysia Airlines did figure out how to turnaround their misfortunes in 2007, their money related execution was still soiled by misfortunes and this was demonstrated in their 2011 first quarter loss of RM 237 million. In correlation with adversaries, for example, Thai Airways and Singapore Airlines which recorded very nearly steady benefit run and higher than Malaysian Airlines. Air Asia which was Malaysia Airlines fundamental neighbourhood adversary, succeeded in overwhelming their benefit exhibitions. Malaysia Airlines is arranged a s a Government Linked Company (GLC) status and Air Asia an open recorded organization yet at the same time Air Asia had the capacity surpass them with negligible government motivators. Malaysia Airlines later executed the second BTP which was BTP 2 to ad lib their money related execution and there's a plan to completely privatize the Airline, free from government contribution. (Hamzah and Ngui, 2014) Opportunities: The territories of chances are gathered in enhancing consumer loyalty in pair with changes in client inclination. We can see the pattern now with client's inclination in ease charges and better in-flight administrations. Clients have distinctive needs and yearnings in term of buying. This is a result of the variables like demographic, psychographic, and geographic variable. To get a certain objective, Malaysia Airlines ought to have the capacity to present another idea of flying with Malaysia Airlines. It is on account of clients are individuals that can have different inclination. They can be affected by numerous part of their life including the method for their way of life. For instance, Malaysia Airlines are exploiting client's inclination by serving more Malaysia and western suppers in their menu what's more better in flight stimulation (AVOD) in their 777-200 and 747-400 fleet. A aggregate of 37 menus are on offer over a 8 week cycle turn to guarantee that successive explorers w ill have the capacity to appreciate a mixed bag of suppers. Threats: Dangers are the components from outside of the organization which could have negative impact on the organization. There are a few dangers that will influence Malaysia Airlines, for example, economy, contenders, extreme rivalry, terrorism and political agitation, and engineering, Increasing plane fuel costs and outside coin vacillation. In later past, the costs of plane fuel have expanded forcefully, harming the primary concerns of generally airlines. For example, the costs of plane fuel have expanded from $1.5 every gallon in May 2005 to $2.1 every gallon in May 2007, (IATA, 2007) speaking to an increment of around 40%. Plane fuel represents a critical parcel of the working consumption of airlines. On the off chance that stream fuel costs achieve more elevated amounts, then the margins of these organizations will feel obligated. PESTEL Analysis: PESTLE Analysis is an acronym given to Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Legal Environmental analysis. Similar and (or) related acronyms are PESTEL Analysis and sometimes just PEST analysis. (CIPD, 2014)It is an extremely useful tool to determine the environmental influences in order to make strategic management decision. For example, USA and Cuba are in the middle of a trade embargo. Planning a trade with Cuba without this knowledge would be disastrous as it is prohibited and will not be allowed, thus wasting considerable company resources. Politics and Legal Due to the actual bad economic recession, Malaysian Government through Bank Negara had to reread the foreign and monetary policies. (Bank Negara Malaysia, 2010) As such, Ringgit Malaysia (RM) was attached to RM 3.80 to 1 US dollar. The Government had to impose stricter and tighter policies for Malaysian to travel abroad to avoid currency outflow, which indirectly caused low rates of travellers for MAS. The situation worsens, when the regional economic recession was coupled with the instability in the political arena in Malaysia in 1998. As a result, the investors lost their confidence, being more cautious and prefer the attitude of look and see and some of them have ceased their operations in Malaysia, resulting in more layoffs. Economic The Asian financial emergency in the late 90s which has influenced the South East Asian area was additionally a causative component that created MAS to endure 6 continuous losses. (CAPA, 2014) These circumstances got deteriorated as the Malaysian Ringgit cash was underestimated, which thus prompted high enthusiasm on remote exchange. Ventures made by MAS to extend its business by buying more air ship were very influenced by this. The devaluation of RM had additionally prompted low using force, which brought about lesser individuals to go via air. The disaster of September 11 has likewise helped the reported misfortunes by MAS. (Nomikou, 2010) From that point forward, the world economy was on its downturn and the world masses were getting phobia to travel via air. MAS need to tolerate the misfortunes as its fundamental operation is focused around the global system. Socio-cultural Malaysia is placid of three fundamental races where Islam is the authority religion. Its Productivity in social assortment and could be utilized as the pulling in element for the vacationers to go to Malaysia, and in a roundabout way helped MAS to advance its operation to contain more remote destinations. Technology MAS has additionally put resources into IT and information transfers headway to build the effectiveness of its operation. More individuals can have admittance to the MAS benefits just through the Internet where individuals can book and purchase their ticket on the web. Other than that, more advancements and ads could be possible through the Internet, which can draw in additional also more individuals to go with MAS. The becoming request in load administrations has brought about more airlines selecting to change over their traveler flying machine into freight air ship. This new pattern gives an option to MAS to diminish some cash on buying new freight airplane what's more maybe go into other conceivable beneficial operations. Porters Five Forces Analysis: Porters theory of competitive analysis depends on five forces that generally affect any business organization. (CGMA, 2011) These are: 1. Threat of New Entrants 2. Bargaining power of suppliers 3. Bargaining Power of Buyers 4. Competitive Rivalry within the industry and 5. Threat of Substitutes (CGMA, 2011)The analysis of Porters five forces reveals how competitive a certain industry is or how attractive it is to new players (CGMA, 2011). It may be used for firms already in industry to evaluate their own strengths and weaknesses or by firms trying to enter a new market. (CGMA, 2011) Threat of entry The legislature forces truly parcel limitations on the door of the air transport industry. Also, the high cost and high early stages speculation capital for acquiring planes are hindrances of entry. Threat of substitutes The most threatening substitutes are going via trains and autos. On account of the high cost of taking planes, numerous individuals decide to go via trains or autos, particularly short-separation trip. Anyway it sets aside quite a while for individuals to take prepares or autos, so individuals have a tendency to pick air when they will experience long-separation trip or when they need to spare time. In this way, the substitutes impact the business a considerable measure. Threat of influential suppliers The legislature additionally forces truly part limitations on suppliers. Hence, there are relatively few organizations have the rights to give items to Airline industry. Air transport organizations have few decisions about suppliers, so the suppliers' dealing force is extremely solid. Threat of influential buyers At most time, when individuals chose to go via air, they don't have numerous decisions, and it is extremely troublesome for the buyers to unite to purchase administrations. At the point when dealers gives out the administration measures and value, buyers have nothing to do except for acknowledge it. So the buyers' bartering force is very powerless. Threat of rivalry There are just a few airlines in the business. Notwithstanding a large portion of them give comparable administrations; they impart a few contrasts in air courses. Thus, the threat of rivalry in air industry is not that furious. Addressing the Gaps in the desired vis--vis the actual results at Malaysian Airlines: While Malaysian Airlines has sustained quite well in the period of its operation, there is still some areas it can improve on. For example, its margins are quite low (as discussed earlier), however, its yields are increasing. Moreover, there is always the danger of increasing operational costs, such as increase in jet fuel etc. However, with newer avenues opening up to the Airline such as Medical Tourism, it can counter these increased operational costs by exploiting these opportunities. The political and economical scenario is uncertain for Malaysian Airlines. There is not much it can do about it. However, with greater planning and concentration on its resources, it can effectively manage the growing risks and combat them. Conclusions Recommendations: Malaysian Airlines has gone through turbulent times, and come out relatively unscathed. The company should build on its resources. Malaysian Airline as yet holding their notoriety in flying industry. Consequently, there have a few elements which they have to be overcome to diminish their further misfortune in closest future. Notwithstanding, administration ought to take decision to enhance their inside components through actualize coherent decision approach as opposed to enchanted methodology. The organizations like flight industry, by settled on a decision administration oblige thinking diagnostically to intention their issue. In any case, administration need to reflect a few decisions and difficulties which are troublesome on the grounds that most likely they dont have the important information or experience, in which case they require first to choose if the decision which made by them or test is really suitable and fundamental for at this stage. There have few decisions which must be made whether administrations are prepared or not, others may not be as pressing as they envision. Additionally, it likewise wouldnt be impressive to change-based decision if having considered the suggestions painstakingly to conclude that it is not the best thing to do. Administration ought to take decision in right path as in opportune time so they can be evading their immediate issues. Employing the ASK Model to reduce Gaps: Through this model organization will be recognize the most imperative issues which is exist in. What decision can take MAS organization through ASK SIR L model? Firstly, they have to figure out what are the reasons existing accordingly the issue emerge. Once detail next step will be figure out a conceivable answer for overcome from this. References: Bachman, J. (2014) Malaysia Airlines Has Been Missing Profits for Years, 24 March, [Online], Available:[07 January 2015]. Bank Negara Malaysia (2010) Payment Systems in Malaysia, 01 January, [Online], CAPA (2014) Malaysia Airlines reports six consecutive quarterly losses, 29 August, [Online], Available: [07 January 2015]. CGMA (2011) Porters Five Forces of Competitive Position Analysis, [Online], Available: h[07 January 2015]. CIPD (2014) PESTLE analysis, [Online], [07 January 2015]. Dean Sharfman (1996) 'Does Decision Process Matter?', Academy of Management Journal, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 368-396. Hamzah and Ngui (2014) State fund to take over Malaysia Airlines, plans 'Complete Overhaul.', 08 August, [Online], [07 January 2015]. IATA (2007) Jet Fuel Price Monitor, [Online], [07 January 2015]. Khandwalla, P.N. (1973) 'Viable and Effective Organizational Designs of Firms', ACAD MANAGEMENT JOURNAL, vol. 16, no. III, pp. 481-495. Nomikou, D.H. (2010) Plane Phobia, [Online], Available: [07 January 2015]. Renault, V. (2014) SWOT Analysis: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats., [Online], A [07 January 2015].

Kasabian Live at O2 Academy free essay sample

Staring at the dimly lit stage in the O2 Academy, the  ­anticipation rushes through my body in a moment of raging  ­excitement. This is, after all, my first Kasabian experience. The stage illuminates, and as the strobe lights begin to work their magic on the packed venue, the pulsating opening of â€Å"Vlad the Impaler† blasts out, and the band strides proudly onto the Newcastle stage to cheers that last all night. Charging into a set that  ­includes tracks from their self-titled first album, it seems the Leicestershire boys are in outstanding form as they lift the raucous crowd to their feet. Tracks like â€Å"Shoot the Runner† send the crowd into mass sing-along, while â€Å"Cut Off† has them dancing in a psychedelic trance. The true highlight is their new single,† Fire.† Even after the band leaves the stage, the delighted crowd sings its way out of the venue and into the streets of Newcastle. We will write a custom essay sample on Kasabian Live at O2 Academy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Looking at Kasabian now, it is hard to believe they were ever grouped with the likes of Oasis as a modern â€Å"lad rock† band. One thing is for certain: with shows like this, it is hard to believe Kasabian will ever be grouped again.

Show Tables Command in SQL

Show Tables Command in SQL MySQL is open-source relational database management software that website owners and others use to organize and retrieve data from databases. A database consists of one or more tables with several columns, each containing information. In relational databases, the tables can cross-reference one another. If you run a website and use MySQL, you may need to view a complete list of tables in the database. Using the MySQL Command Line Client Connect to your web server and log in to your database. Pick the database you want to use if you have more than one. In this example, the database is named Pizza Store. $ mysql -u root -pmysql USE pizza_store; Now use the MySQL SHOW TABLES command to list the tables in the chosen database. mysql SHOW TABLES; This command returns a list of all the tables in the chosen database. MySQL Tips Every MySQL command ends with a semicolon. If it is missing, the command does not execute.The MySQL command line is not case sensitive, but commands are usually written in uppercase, while  tables, databases, usernames, and text are usually in lowercase to make them easier to identify. When to Use a Database A database is a structured collection of data. Occasions when a database  might come in handy when you are working on your website include: If you have an online store, a database stores the products you sell, the customer information, and the orders.A database for an online forum stores member names, forums, topics, and posts.A blog uses a database to store blog posts, categories, comments, and tags. WhyUse MySQL Because it is open-source software, it is free to everybody.MySQL can be installed on lots of different platforms.MySQL is usually included in most web-hosting packages.Its easy to use.It works well with PHP to add functionality to your website.

Response of Grass to Chemical Fertilizers Research Paper

Response of Grass to Chemical Fertilizers - Research Paper Example Do not put any fertilizer in pot E-1, 2 & 3 (Control). 6. Place all pots in lighted area 7. Water plants daily at noon or arrange automatic drip irrigation system 8. Measure plants at noon at 10 days intervals with ruler and record in notebook in units of millimeters for 50 days 9. Uproot 5 plants randomly from each pot at 5 days interval and record the oven dry weight for 50 days. Observations /Results: The data were analyzed by using statistical method for test of significance at 1% and / or 5% level of significance. In this experiment there are 5 treatments i.e 15-15-15, 46-0-0, 0-16-0, 0-0-60 and no fertilizer (Control) were replicated thrice resulting in 15 experimental units (pots).The design required is Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Table-1: Grass height (mm) at 10 DAS as affected by types of chemical fertilizers. Replications Treatments Replication Total Mean I II III 15-15-15 16 15 17 48 16 46-0-0 11 13 11 35 11.7 0-16-0 10 9 10 29 9.7 0-60-0 10 11 10 31 10.3 Control (No fertilizer) 9 10 8 27 9 Total 56 58 56 170 11.33 NB: DAS- Days after sowing Like wise all data for next dates recording grass height i.e. at 20DAS, 30DAS, 40DAS and finally 50DAS were analyzed by using CRD. Then the F value in ANOVA table is compared with the table value and then the significance is measured at 1% and / or 5% level. Finally the plant heights for all dates of observation are arranged in a single table for result discussion and conclusion. Table-6: Grass height (mm) as affected by fertilizer types at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50DAS DAS Treatments 10 20 30 40 50 15-15-15 16 25 38 48 56 46-0-0 11.7 16.3 19.6 24.5 29.2 0-16-0 9.7 12.9 14.8 15.9 18.6 0-0-60 10.3 13.4 15.3 18.3 19.5 Control (No fertilizer) 9 11.4 13.5 14.6 19.1 CD... The data were analyzed by using statistical method for test of significance at 1% and / or 5% level of significance. In this experiment there are 5 treatments i.e 15-15-15, 46-0-0, 0-16-0, 0-0-60 and no fertilizer (Control) were replicated thrice resulting in 15 experimental units (pots).The design required is Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Like wise all data for next dates recording grass height i.e. at 20DAS, 30DAS, 40DAS and finally 50DAS were analyzed by using CRD. Then the F value in ANOVA table is compared with the table value and then the significance is measured at 1% and / or 5% level. If the mean difference between 5 treatments was more than the CD then the application of chemical fertilizer did not have any significant effect on the grass height and they were at par with each other. If the difference exceeds the CD value then the treatments were different from each other or in other words the application of fertilizer was having significant effect on the grass height and dry matter accumulation. My original hypothesis was that application of chemical fertilizer (15-15-15) to soil would be better over the control. My results showed that application of chemical fertilizer was having significant effect on the grass height and dry matter accumulation over the same period of growth.

Symbolism in Young Goodman Brown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Symbolism in Young Goodman Brown - Essay Example Young Goodman Brown is a satire on Puritanism and what Hawthorne perceives to be its hypocrisies. Hawthorne employs an abundance of symbolisms all throughout the narrative to create an atmosphere of evil deeply lurking behind the faces of the characters in the story behind their benevolent faà §ade. The story revolves around a young man named Goodman Brown and one particular night in his life which would forever change his life and his perception of the people and the world around him. That one night is the night when Goodman Brown is to finally determine whether he would finally succumb to the temptation of becoming a part of a witches’ coven in Salem. As he walks through the forest to the predetermined meeting place where he would take his official vow to the group, he sees a lot of things which makes him vacillate with his decision. He sees the people he often sees in the church, people who are known for their piety, wisdom and kindness, people who serve in the high positions of the government. He sees his old catechism teacher and spiritual counselor, the Salem’s minister, Deacon Gookin, other pious people and even his young wife, Faith in the company of the devil. This last revelation is the last straw that broke the camel’s back, so to speak. Brown de cides to embrace evil having lost the wife he wants to be good for. In the rite held at the unholy altar, as Satan is about to put the mark of baptism on his and his wife’s heads, Brown makes his last stand and cries out in protest and urges his wife to resist the devil. He suddenly finds himself alone and back in the middle of the forest. Goodman Brown lives the rest of his life a miserable man, still wondering whether what he went through was real or merely a dream. Nevertheless, he remains suspicious of all the people around him and even of his wife and lives his life in isolation from the people in his

Cloning Brachyury from SW480 in pNEB193 plasmid Essay - 3

Cloning Brachyury from SW480 in pNEB193 plasmid - Essay Example igure 2: The total RNA was extracted from SW480 cells by use of Norgen’s Total RNA Purification Kit, the samples were then denatured in rapid Formalin – free RNA loading buffer which had Formalin – Free RNA dye. They were then incubated for 5 minutes at a temperature of 700C. Lane number one was filled with RNA ladder 5 ÃŽ ¼L. The lanes from number 2 to 20 contained 10 ÃŽ ¼L of each of the class samples. The image capture was then done using GelDocEZ system. 3-Table 1: The concentration and purity of the total extracted RNA from the SW480 cells for the sample H was is shown in table 1. The resulting concentration of RNA was 82.88 ng/ul. An RQI of 7.3 indicated that the RNA quality was accepted. The ratio (28S/18S) was 0.93 though the recommended ratio is 2 The plasmid preparation experiment was undertaken before the start of the RNA extraction. The purpose of this experiment was to purify enough linearized phosphatise treated pNEB183 plasmid to be utilised in the ligation reaction. This purification was attained through several steps that started with the purification of the inoculated plasmid from E.coli culture in LB/ampilicin broth. Using Qubit analysis, the concentration of the purified plasmid was calculated to be 5.1 ul. The EcoR1 enzyme was then utilised to digest the circular plasmid into a linear plasmid which was then treated using alkaline phosphatise enzyme to remove the 5’ phosphate group and hinder self – ligation. The sample was then loaded on 0.8% agarose gel so as to visualize and purify the linearized plasmid from the gel by use of purification method as shown in figure 5: In figure 5, two bands were clearly seen in the second lane. The first band was an uncut plasmid. The second band was a linear plasmid. Adequate preparation took place as the linear plasmid could migrate longer on the gel. The second band was bright and shiny. It was 2797 bps in length. It also contained ...ul/mg concentration of plasmid. Using x tracta Gel Extraction

The morality of toture: Suspected Criminals And Terrorists

The morality of toture: Suspected Criminals And Terrorists The principle of torture has been brought back into the forefront of philosophical debate following the September 11th 2001 terrorist attacks in New York bringing about the War on Terror. So much so, that torture has been considered as a way of combating problems with suspected criminals and terrorists. The matter of torture has been the centre of legal discussion, often being juxtaposed against the human rights issue. Cases such as Abu Ghraib, the prison in Iraq and the detainees held at Guantà ¡namo Bay, have increased the publics awareness of issues surrounding torture, and have fuelled debates concerning the true liberalness of democratic countries; which countries like the US are supposed to encapsulate. What is more, should these democracies be condemning morally wrong topics like torture, or should their prime concern be the safety and security of its citizens? Furthermore, how can these two ideas be reconciled, and what implications will this have for the law? Why Is Torture Morally Wrong? It is fundamental to the understanding of this debate to recognise why torture is seen as inherently wrong with strong moral objections, and why it is regarded as a violation of rights. Only then, can we unravel its significance when posed with questions of terrorist threats and its repercussions on the legal system. If we are unable to dispel what it is about torture that we find morally inconceivable then it is hard to assess under what circumstances it can be practiced or even legitimised. Cesare Beccaria, wrote in his paper, Moral Protest, the impression made by pain may grow to such an extent that having filled the whole of the sensory field, it leaves the torture victim no freedom to do anything but choose the quickest route to relieving himself of the immediate pain. Thus, torture can be seen as posing two areas of concern, not only does it involve the application of extreme amounts of pain and suffering; it also infringes on a persons right to a fair trial. These both amount to why torture is morally wrong in its means of interrogating suspects. Within Western democracies, a key concept is the principle of human autonomy. Therefore, torture aims to completely disregard one of the essential foundations upon which democracy was built. It reduces a human to such a degree that they destroy all traces of individuality so that they are unable to make decisions. A tortured being is only capable of comprehending one thing; that being the urgency to be released from pain. It is this power that allows the torturer to gain the information or confession he wishes. In The moral wrongness of torture, Fatima Kola describes this state as an attempt to annihilate agency. Torture can annihilate agency because it seeks to lower the person to a standard in which they cannot make rational choices, being subject to physical or psychological torment. Hence, it is understandable why torture is considered morally wrong, and how anyone who accepts this as a means of interrogation must be able to justify the degradation of personal autonomy and human rights. We must also consider why it would be so morally repulsive to be tortured. Henry Shue believes that one of the main reasons for this is that it constitutes as an attack on the defenceless. This idea is furthered by Sussman who has a unique argument as to why torture is so repugnant. He states in, Whats Wrong with Torture? So construed, torture turns out to be not just an extreme form of cruelty, but the pre-eminent just an extreme form of cruelty, but the pre-eminent instance of a kind of forced self-betrayal. Thus torture is a distinctive kind of wrongness not often found in other acts. As what is embedded in the core of torture is the form of self-betrayal that it harbours. The victim if forced into a state of defencelessness and powerlessness. They are broken down until they lack all personal autonomy and rationality. Whats more, Sussmen believes that the victim is lowered to such a degree that their own body becomes their main attacker, leaving them to feel debased. Such a view t hen naturally finds the physical and emotional strains of torture as abhorrent, rendering it morally wrong in all circumstances. Alternative Arguments That Justify Torture Perhaps it is because society is no longer as shocked at images of torture that is has become more accepted within legal discussions. Exposure to scenes of pain and brutality in culture has allowed for people to be more open minded about the debate of torture. Yet, amongst this, two distinct arguments exist. There are those that believe torture can be morally justified where it prevents a greater devastation from occurring, that it is the lesser of two evils. Arguments from this standpoint are utilitarian, which allow the torturing of one life to save many innocent lives. The main focus for utilitarians is the end goal and the idea that torture can be justified according to the circumstances at the time. This is particularly important in terrorist cases, where utilitarians argue that a terrorist has lost his claim to a normal standard of human rights by endangering the lives of innocents, and therefore cannot expect to have the same amount of protection as an ordinary citizen. Henry Shue, gives a further explanation to justify acts of torture in that, since killing is worse than torture, killing is sometimes permitted, especially in war, we ought sometimes to permit torture. However this argument is flawed as there are other more important factors that need to be considered rather than just the degree of harm done. If we are to compare the acts of killing that take place in war to the torture of a suspected terrorist, then the most obvious difference is that in warfare, both parties have equal opportunities to kill or be killed. Whereas a terrorist or criminal who is being tortured is subject to the whim of the torturer. Thus, I do not believe this creates a valid argument to justify torture. On the other hand, there are those who believe torture should be absolutely prohibited, and that under no circumstance can it be morally justified. These arguments are based on a deontological view. Utilitarians claim this view is morally self-indulgent and sometimes it is acceptable to sacrifice your morality for the greater good. However, deontologists are criticised for their lack to reconcile with what is known as the ticking bomb scenario. One should consider the hypothetical example of where a man is aware of the location of a bomb that has been planted in a large shopping centre. He knows it will be detonated within the next few hours and the police have him detained. In this situation is it morally wrong to torture one person to find out the location of the bomb, in order to save the lives of many? In this most extreme situation, even the strictest deontologists cannot deny that torture may be justifiable to such a threat, despite it been inherently wrong. In this context the re are two conflicts at play. There is the moral consequence that exists in torturing someone; however this has to be balanced against the moral consequence of the death of many people, (it seems to be a simple matter of numbers.) Thus it is vital to consider this moral dilemma as a whole and as not individual parts. In this way, deontological morality is not completely lost by rendering utilitarian views as applicable. Moral deliberation can thus be settled by balancing the deontological objections of torture with the justification given by utilitarians, as Sussman argues, torture constitutes a moral wrong that requires more justification than killing. Thus, by focussing on the morality of the act, we are allowed to mediate between absolute prohibition and utilitarian ideas. However each circumstance gives rise to different issues on morality and torture, as not all situations will follow the ticking bomb scenario. At which point can you draw the line between appreciating the opposing demands and upholding moral integrity? As stated earlier, it is vital to look at the situation as a whole, made up of constituents, in order to weigh up where the morality lies. Only then is it possible to make credible conclusions and allow us to make a morally right decision. Implications For The Law For the law to include a provision for torture would be very brave, and require an act of moral courage. In Torture and Positive Law: Jurisprudence for The White House, Waldron argues that legalising torture will have negative ramifications on our legal system, leading to eventual malfunction. The basis of negating torture into law finds it origins in morality. The morally wrong nature of torture is reflected and reinforced by the law. The laws represent its regard for the superiority of human rights and its belief in personal autonomy. It embodies the concept that human life is sacred and must be shown respect. Therefore by including torture within the law it gives the impression that it is not disapproved in the same way and the moral integrity of the legal system becomes undermined. Promoting respect amongst your fellow citizens becomes a hypocritical concept, as torture is one of the worst offences against a person. This gives a tainted message to society as the law no longer pro hibits torture as a method of interrogation. Legalising torture will also have further international repercussions, especially for countries like the US and UK. These countries have a firm approach in not tolerating torture in other countries that do not give enough weight on the importance of human rights. By legitimising torture, these countries will be sending the wrong message to the rest of the world, implying that they encourage the State to use torture as a means to a way. R. Dworkin, in Laws Empire, believes that legalising torture could affect public morality. The law is a mechanism which guides citizens through their everyday lives, telling them the correct way to behave and what is acceptable conduct in society. In this way, prohibiting torture from the law mirrors the message of mutual respect and harmony that we wish to permeate through society. This could be compromised with the inclusion of torture within the legal system, lowering peoples standards of morality. The recognition of torture could have further affects on society through its interpretation; that people may find it suitable to be violent to those who they feel deserve it, thus generally increasing levels of crime. There is a risk that torture may not encompass a sense of inherent wrongness and taboo as it does now. As people become more open to its implications and practice, being confronted by its affects on a daily basis, so torture will become part of what is accepted. Therefore, the strength of the law will be severely undermined with the prohibition of torture no longer upheld to symbolise actions that can be regarded as morally wrong. As torture is claimed to be one of the most appalling acts that can be committed, its justification will lead to questions such as why other wrongs, which are considered as a lesser wrong than torture are not also legalised. Waldron concisely summarises this concept as the unravelling of the surrounding law. Sangeeta Mandhir, in Basing arguments for legalising torture on moral justifications, describes this as having a domino-type effect. In that once the prohibition of torture is challenged, it will be harder to justify why other acts such as battery, which is considered less offensive than torture, is not also made legal by law. Furthermore, if torture becomes legitimised, than the supposed guilt felt by the torturer is weakened. Since the act is no longer illegal it will justify his actions and so reduces the level of guilt, and in turn this is converse affects for what is seen as moral. If no guilt is felt then one cannot feel he has committed an immoral act. Indeed what makes torture worse for society is the justification in that it serves to benefit the community. This implies that society gives torture a mandate in which it can be implemented by allowing it into the legal system. As the torture is being carried out in the name of societys security and safety, citizens can be said to hold a shared responsibility for the shocking acts performed upon the victims of torture. Therefore, the State has multiple factors that are intrinsic when considering the legalising of torture. Consisting of not only of the end result, that being security for the nation; but also the upholding of liberal democratic values upon which society is based, so not to compromise principles such as liberty, integrity and human rights. Conclusion It is clear that for a debate on torture it is impossible not to consider morality, as the two concepts are inextricably linked. Torture, by definition in this essay is regarded as morally wrong and inherently abhorrent. Yet there seems to be circumstances for which people believe it could be the only course of action. Thus, if there are situations in which torture can be justified, should the State consider reversing the absolutist prohibition stance on torture within the legal system that exists today? In my opinion, the answer is no. Torture is fundamentally abusive to our morals and ethics. Its existence in society risks undermining the humanitarian principles that also exist. Despite the utilitarian views concerning the welfare of the greater good, what needs to be remembered is that the short term benefits for legalising torture for situations such as the ticking bomb scenario have to be measured against the long term consequences of legalising such a morally detested act, for its effects on society. I believe these two polar concepts can be reconciled through reasonable deontology. This approach allows for torture to occur in a situation that poses a serious threat to society, yet it does not justify the act and still remains firm on the view that torture should be legally prohibited in the law. As Jens David Ohlin in The Bounds of Necessity, believes, legalising torture opens a Pandoras Box of unsavoury consequences, especially for society. Society should not be allowed to excuse torture as a morally right way of interrogating criminals or suspected terrorists, for if this is allowed we stand to lose the fundamental principles that the law is supposed to uphold, thus changing the nature of societys moral commitments.

Phil Jackson And Buddhism Essay example -- essays research papers fc

Buddhism is a major Asian religion studied and practiced in countries such as Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia. Although Buddhism is a growing religion throughout the world, in particular, the practice of meditation is spreading in the West. The United States has a center for Buddhists in Hawaii and New York and also a Buddhist community has been established in California. (Hewitt, 13-14) But even closer to home for most is the practicing of Zen Buddhism on the basketball court by former Chicago Bulls and present Los Angeles Lakers coach Phil Jackson. In this essay I will discuss how Jackson has incorporated some of the practices of Zen Buddhism into his and the players of his teams lives and how it has been effective for the game and the lives of those involved. I will also touch on his use of combined Zen and Christianity along with his extended interest in the Lakota Sioux. â€Å"The Chicago Bulls’ Buddha-like guru Phil Jackson inks the richest coaching deal in N.B.A. history ($6 million for one last season [with the Bulls])† (Notebook, 11). There may be some sound reasoning behind this. Michael Jordan was quoted on how some team members are starting to use Jackson’s religion to help them win, â€Å"It’s that Zen Buddhism stuff. We’re practicing smiling when we may be frustrated inside so we can relieve some tension. It’s an art form† (Quotables, 1). Jackson speaks in depth to his team about ejecting selfishness and egotism (Eckman, 3). â€Å"He describes Jordan in the late 80’s as a player who tried to beat the other team by himself† (Zen Teamwork). He not only helped lead Jordan to play like a star but led the Bulls to be a winning team. He and several of his former players believe that this is partially due to what they practiced in the years Jackson was coach. Not only did they study bas ketball, as writer Frank Deford for Sports Illustrated noted in a cover story on Jackson, they took part in â€Å"group meditations and pregame ‘nap time’† (84). Not to mention poetry and assigned books (83). These things may sound odd but as one of the beliefs of Zen says, â€Å"Don’t get caught up in only one way of doing things; and don’t look at things from just one point of view. If you try another way, or change your point of view, the results will always be different† (Chung, 99). Jackson definitely looks at and coaches basketball from a different point of view then most coach... .... As an attention getter to his team before a big game when they are wondering if the meditating and poetry will pay off or if they are just wasting their time, Jackson reminds them of his awareness by saying, â€Å"It’s like you’re going along at 65 miles an hour, listening to your hip-hop music, and your cell phone is ringing, and you’re eating a Big Mac, and you spill ketchup on your shirt. You look down. And when you look back up: right ahead of you, it’s all red lights. There’s just too much going on in your lives† (Deford, 84) Works Cited Chung, Tsai Chih. Wisdom of the Zen Masters. New York: Doubleday, 1998. Deford, Frank. â€Å"Father Phil.† Sports Illustrated 1 Nov. 1999: 82-91 Eckman, Dr. Jim. â€Å"Issues in Perspective.† 2 April 2000. Grace University: â€Å"Zen and the Art of Teamwork.† Fortune 25 Dec 1995 Hewitt, Catherine. Buddhism. New York: Thomson Learning, 1995. Jackson, Phil, and Hugh Delehanty. Sacred Hoops: Spiritual Lessons of a Hardwood Warrior. New York: Phil Jackson, 1995. â€Å"Notebook.† Time 4 Aug. 1997: 11 â€Å"Quotables.† Home page. 26 April 2000.

Pittsburgh Youth Study Essay

According to the Pittsburgh Youth Study conducted by Katharine Browning, Ph.D., and Rolf Loeber, Ph.D., it was found that there are multiple factors that are connected with youth delinquency.   The objective of the study was to determine the factors in delinquency involvement and other related behaviors (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   Those involved in the study consisted of three groups of boys, and they were observed within the duration of almost ten years (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   The study group included a random selection of first, fourth and seventh graders.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To begin with, Browning and Loeber (1999) found that African-American boys were more prone to juvenile delinquency than their Caucasian counterparts.   It was also discovered that as widespread delinquency increased, so did the frequency.   Again, the percentage for African-American boys were higher than Caucasian ones.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, the study showed that delinquent behaviors followed a certain pattern; what began as a less serious behavior eventually progressed to a more serious one (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   Browning and Loeber (1999) listed three pathways which categorized the offenses, all of which displayed the shift from a less serious offense like lying to a more serious act like property damage or fighting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   More importantly, the study determined two factors that causes juvenile offense.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first one was innate forces, internal factors such as intelligent quotient (IQ) and personality (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   The second factor was external forces, which consists of family members and friends (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   The external forces were contained within different environments, such as the school and home (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The study also came across some â€Å"individual risk factors† (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   First, it was found that careless behaviors were related to delinquency (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   Other factors that contributed to delinquency include intelligence quotient and socioeconomic status (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   Second, delinquents were found to have â€Å"low threshold for negative feelings,† and were more prone to an impulsive manner (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   Aside from these, there were other risk factors like depression and guilt (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Browning and Loeber also determined how family factors are also related to delinquency.   Poor supervision is a major element in delinquency; specific examples include the repercussions of physical punishments and inadequate communication between parents and sons (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   â€Å"Other family risk factors include low socioeconomic status, bad neighborhood and exposure to social services† (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   Moreover, it was found that broken families also caused delinquency (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The findings of the study provided the authorities with warning signs to look out for in potential delinquents.   In my opinion, the government should take these findings and work out a plan to avoid further delinquency.   According to the findings, the most prone to delinquency are those with low socioeconomic status, those with family problems, and African-American boys.    The government should then focus their efforts to these specific categories.   For instance, they can hold summer camps for African-American youth, where they can instill positive values so that they would not go astray.   They should provide seminars for parents, so that they can be more effective in their parenting and communicating with their children.   Since delinquency can be traced to one’s socioeconomic status, the government should create venues for the improvement of one’s social standing.   These findings are extremely helpful in stopping youth delinquency, and the government should take advantage of these to effect change.   References Browning, K., & Loeber, R. (1999). Highlights of findings from the Pittsburgh youth study. OJJDP Fact Sheet, 95.

American First Foreign Policy essays

American First Foreign Policy essays In a time when the country was still as vulnerable as a newborn baby, the United States was already undergoing the stresses of the world. Since the country wasnt a major player in the international scene at first there wasnt as much of a worry as it later came to be. Later on when France declared war on England, Prussia, and other neighboring countries, the United States was under much pressure to stick to the treaties of 1778 which bound it to France. George Washington believed that neutrality was the best option and that there was no better choice of action. Later on the president issued The Proclamation of Neutrality, where it stated, I have therefore thought fit by these presents to declare the disposition of the United States to observe the conduct aforesaid towards those Powers respectfully; and to exhort and warn the citizens of the United States carefully to avoid all acts and proceedings whatsoever, which may in any manner tend to contravene such disposition. Washington in no way wanted to displease either side so that trading and certain treaties would not be broken. The Proclamation of Neutrality simply said that the United States would not intervene in the wars of other countries. This was completely what Washington saw as the best way to handle the situation at hand, which was the war in Europe. This Proclamation became what the US abided by for the next 102 years. In 1793 France sent their P.M Edmond GÃ ªnets. As soon as he reached US soil, he set out to find American sailors and get them to be privateers sailing under the French flag, and to capture British ships. He even set up courts to condemn those who were captured. Later on he set up for western frontiersmen to go on an expedition and sent them off to attack Spanish New Orleans. Washington insisted that he stop what he was illegally doing, Genet didnt listen and continued. Finally Genet wound up expelled from the Uni...

6 Unusual Online Certificate Programs

6 Unusual Online Certificate Programs So, you’re not interested in an online MBA. You’d prefer to lead a rally, write a memoir, or brew the perfect craft beer? Never fear. Several colleges offer online certificate programs that appeal less to sharp-suited business people and more to the garden-growing, media-sharing, beer-brewing types. Interested? Take a look at these unique distance education programs: The Business of Craft Brewing Online Certificate (Portland State University) Through this four-course series, â€Å"industry specialists† teach students everything they need to know to start up and run a successful craft brewery. Courses include â€Å"Basic Business for Craft Beverages,† â€Å"Craft Beverage Business Management,† â€Å"Strategic Craft Beverage Marketing,† and â€Å"Finance and Accounting for the Craft Brewery.† Students are also invited to fly out to Portland to take part in the optional â€Å"Craft Beverage Immersion Excursion,† spending three days meeting with brewery owners, tasting Portland beers, and touring the Oregon beer empire. Cheers. Certificate in Organic Agriculture (University of Washington) If you have a green thumb and a fondness for organic food, the University of Washington Certificate in Organic Agriculture might be for you. The college touts this 18-credit program as a good fit for â€Å"those wanting to pursue a career in organic agriculture, anyone interested in beginning a community supported agriculture (CSA) enterprise, [and] home gardeners.† As a student, you’ll take online courses such as â€Å"Organic Gardening and Farming,† â€Å"Agriculture, Environment, and Community,† and â€Å"Food Safety and Quality.†Ã‚   You’ll also be required to complete an internship, which can be done by volunteering through a local organic farm, organic certifying agency, or organic business. Sustainability Certificate (Harvard Extension School) If you want to promote a sustainability in your community or business, Harvard’s Sustainability Certificate provides instruction from world-class thinkers. Students in this program take five courses. â€Å"Knowledge Set† courses such as â€Å"Energy and the Environment,† â€Å"Strategies for Sustainability Management,† and â€Å"Sustainable Business and Technology,† provide students with a common foundation of understanding. â€Å"Skill Set† courses such as â€Å"Catalyzing Change: Sustainability Leadership for the Twenty-First Century† and â€Å"Introduction to Sustainable Buildings,† help students take action. It’s also important to note that, although this certificate is coming from an ivy-league school, it is an open-access program. Anyone can simply start taking courses towards certificate completion without the need to apply. New Urbanism Online Certificate (Miami School of Architecture) Those with a passion for cities community building may be interested in the New Urbanism Online Certificate. Students earning the certificate are prepared to take the Congress for New Urbanism accreditation exam. (Although you should also be aware that the exam can be taken without the certificate). The New Urbanism certificate is self-paced and takes students through the basics of creating walkable, sustainable places. Course units include: â€Å"A Crisis of Place and the Alternative of the New Urbanism,† â€Å"Ecology Built Legacy,† â€Å"Architecture, Local Culture, and Community Identity,† â€Å"Green Building and Historic Preservation,† and â€Å"Implementing New Urbanism.† Creative Nonfiction Writing Online Certificate (UCLA Extension Program) If you’re serious about writing that best-selling memoir, personal essay, or political history, take a look at this UCLA creative non-fiction program. You’ll focus most of your 36 credits on intensive creative non-fiction instruction. You’ll also have the opportunity to choose from electives in poetry, playwriting, and fiction. Best of all, students that complete the coursework are given a consultation with a UCLA Writer’s Program instructor, detailed notes, and an in-person or phone critique session. Certificate in Community Organizing (Empire State College) What would you like to see change in your community? If you have a quick answer to that question but don’t know how to make it happen, consider earning a Certificate in Community Organizing. Empire State’s program arms students with knowledge about justice, power dynamics, and navigating government environments. It aims to help learners develop a skill set that can be applied to create lasting change in their communities. This 12-credit program includes courses such as â€Å"Advocacy in State and Community-Level Government,† â€Å"Race, Gender, and Class in U.S. Public Policy,† and â€Å"Human Service Policy.† To complete the certificate, students are required to apply their learning by working with real communities while taking the capstone â€Å"Community Organizing† course. Free Learning Alternatives If youd rather not jump into a major time commitment and write a big check just yet, take a look at these less formal free online classes. Youll find options for a wide array of subjects including photography, guitar, and writing.

Valuation of Common Stock Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Valuation of Common Stock - Essay Example Also, the company may be able to attract better personnel as the company will be able to offer stock options. Stock options have the potential to substantially gain in value. In addition, generally the personnel will not have to invest as much of their own money in the company (The Advantages and Disadvantages of Going Public online). Also, Citrus Glow International will promote the company. In general, publicly traded businesses are more widely known than non-publicly traded businesses. The business gains publicity and an image of stability through trading publicly (The Advantages and Disadvantages of Going Public online). Going public requires a time commitment in setup and in statutory compliance. In addition, it will take the business owners' and managers' attention away from the everyday management of the company (The Advantages and Disadvantages of Going Public online). Also, going public requires money. The business will need to pay for the time spent on compliance. In addition, the business will need to pay legal counsel when setting up and maintaining the public offering (The Advantages and Disadvantages of Going Public online). Moreover, there are many new legal obligations. These include keeping stockowners informed about business operations, management, legal issues, financial standing, and business costs. Company time and money will be spent dealing with these and additional compliance issues (The Advantages and Disadvantages of Going Public online). Liability issues may arise if the business does not comply (The Advantages and Disadvantages of Going Public online). Lastly, gaining public shareholders may reduce a business owner's control over the company. This is especially true if shareholders are given approval power over business actions (The Advantages and Disadvantages of Going Public online). I agree with Lisa and Joe that Citrus Glow International needs to stay ahead of the game with competitors coming up with substitute products and hence the need to issue IPO. I do not agree with Dan that Citrus Glow International outsource the production and concentrate on its marketing efforts. This is because I agree with Matt that the success of the firm has come from its quality and that would likely be jeopardized if the firm lets others produce the product. However, I agree with Dan's point that the issuance of IPO would result in a loss of control. But as Matt said correctly, the firm can still retain control of a large portion of the shareholding and still raise the much-needed cash. QUESTION 2 The Corporate Value Model suggests that the firm's value is the sum of its discounted free-cash flows. Free cash flows are estimated by subtracting the firm's net capital investment from the year's net operating profits after taxes (NOPAT) and are discounted at a suitable risk-adjusted discount rate (weighted average cost of capital). The firm's equity

Information Systems Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Information Systems Plan - Essay Example The Information management system of Fitness center automates the above functionalities and allows the users to choose their daily schedules and exercises, with pre-calculated measures and to - do lists. The Sophisticated system offers alerts on regular tests and cholesterol levels giving clarity on health progress. The users can also enter complete laboratory test results, inoculations and medications, which can be kept as their personal digital health record. The combination of weight readings, meals, exercise, supplement or medication, test results, personal notes and detailed one-step charts and graphs for grams of nutrients, calories consumed and burned, exercises, any measurement or test, medications or supplements taken and more. The IS can also be configured with more user-friendly features like alerts on upcoming tests, doctor appointments, tutor schedulers, due dates for payments and balances in accounts. Such type of IS offers integrated member information on a common plat form through a real time integration of data resources. The potential areas for ... Purpose: The purpose of the Fitness Center Management module is to address the needs of health and fitness management institutes in tracking their visitors, fitness center members' information, payment, and equipment inventory and maintenance. Systems development Systems development is the activity of creating new systems or modifying existing ones. It refers to all aspects of the process from identifying problems to be solved or opportunities to be exploited to the implementation and refinement of the chosen solution. The information system to be established in an organization is considered as Project Management in development terms. The system development project is responsible for determining the objectives of the information system and delivering a system that meets these objectives. Many system development teams use a project manager to head the systems development effort and the project management approach to help coordinate the systems development process. A project is a planned collection of activities that achieves a goal, such as promoting the activities of fitness plant or developing a new decision support system. Besides completing the project on time and within the specified budget, the project manager is usually responsible for controlling a project's quality, training personnel, easing communications, managing risks, and acquiring any necessary equipment, including office supplies and sophisticated computer systems. The roles involved in IS of a Fitness center: Setting priorities and selecting projects typically requires the involvement and approval of senior management. When objectives are set, planners consider the resources necessary to complete the projects, including employees (systems analysts, programmers, and

CORPORATE STRATEGY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

CORPORATE STRATEGY - Essay Example However, the recent Cola-wars forced the company to change its strategy and look beyond the carbonated drinks. The company has undergone massive restructuring and found healthier alternatives to meet the challenges that globalization posed (Jonash, Koehler, Onassis, 2007). The purpose of a true strategy is to master the business environment by understanding and anticipating the actions and strategies of the competitors. Competition is intense in markets without barriers. Competitive advantage that a firm has must be such that it is difficult to duplicate. In other words, a must have some differentiating factor. According to Greenwald and Kahn (2005) the three factors that generate competitive advantage include customer captivity, proprietary technology and economies of scale. Pepsi’s strategy demonstrates a deep understanding of markets and identifying unmet customer needs, identifying existing and potential internal capabilities that could be used to leverage differentiation, clustering innovation opportunities around a strategic platform and investing in innovation and executing on the strategic growth platforms and the opportunities (Jonash, Koehler, Onassis, 2007). Pepsi has entered emerging markets which have opened up their economies. Thus PepsiCo has been following a differentiation strategy, which according to Johnson and Scholes, seeks to provide products or services unique or different from those of competitors in terms of dimensions widely valued by buyers (Business Strategy, 2002). Organic growth refers to the long-term strategy of the company, apart from enhancing its core strength and vitality (Porter, 1979). Although Pepsi has been concentrating on the core growth but in the past five years it has continues to pursue its strategy of growth through acquisition. As a long-term strategy, PepsicCo had entered the sports drinks market through the

Market Failures & Professional Dilemmas Essay Example for Free

Market Failures Professional Dilemmas Essay Based on the Edwards article which market failures or imperfections are present in the â€Å"Lobster Thermidor† case? And can you identify any in your professional life? Based on the Halbert Ingulli reading (â€Å"Making An Ethical Decision†) apply the methods of ethical reasoning to these situations. Two market failures can be observed in the â€Å"Lobster Thermidor† case, a tragedy of public goods and informational deficiencies. First of all, the divers have to dive deeper, to the limit of diving safety, since overfishing has made the lobsters rare and to catch the lobster less than 30 meter down is getting harder and harder. This is the very typical case of public goods, where the public resources such as the lobsters under the sea are usually over-consumed by the individuals who try to maximize one’s interest. Deforestation, which has destroyed the entire farming industry and forced Miskitos out to entirely rely on diving, was another tragedy caused by the overconsumption of the public goods, forest. Secondly, both the divers and the end-consumers make wrong, irrational decisions cause of the lack of information. Divers, who do not recognize the true market price of lobsters as well as the true price of potential risks, bargain away their goods with little danger pay allowances. Also, the consumers, who have no idea about the severe fishing environment in Honduras, are reluctant to pay more than current prices, formed lower than it should be at the cost of human lives. The company where I worked prior to school has always tried its best to remove any little elements of competition in its area. If there were a small but promising start-up with innovative idea and technology, that company used every means –most were legal or grey while a few were nearly illegal- to get rid of the potential threats. For instance, it quickly imitates the new technology of the start-up, take out the similar patent, scout the core human resources, block off the critical suppliers and seed funds, cut the price of competitive goods to the minimum level, and do hostile MA. This case also showed the issues related to public goods and informational deficiencies. The company attempted to minimize the production/dissemination of new technologies, which can be considered as public goods, and the newborn ventures could not protect themselves cause of the limited access to the information. From the utilitarianism perspective, these are reasonable and desirable attempts because the larger number of stakeholders can be satisfied. My company had more than 20,000 employees while the average start-ups have no more than 100 employees. Considering the families of employees, shareholders, subcontractors, and the related industries, maximizing profit of my company could bring higher utilities than the success of small ventures. Even in long-term, my company’s decision would not be wrong since the possibility of success of start-ups are extremely low compared to the global conglomerates. My company, which has the global network, huge infrastructure, and accumulated knowhow can exploit the new technology better and thereby encourage the social progress. In contrast, from the deontological view, it was absolutely wrong. My company not only hindered the fair competition but also committed illegal acts. Whether the result proved positive or negative is not important for the deontologists. Finally, it was not proper when applying the concept of virtue ethics since the motives of the actions of the company was not correct and contributes nearly nothing to the harmonious relationship with the community it belonged.

Love vs. Lust in Andrew Marvells Poem, To His Coy Mistress Essay

I know that there is a unique difference between love and lust. In the Andrew Marvell poem â€Å"To His Coy Mistress,† I would argue over the issue of love versus lust. In this poem, we are introduced to a man who is infatuated with a young woman and wants to become intimate with her. He tries to pursue this young woman, but the woman is playfully hesitant. The man is trying to explain to the young woman if she keeps being resistant to him, they would never get a chance become intimate. Could it be that the man really does have true love for the young woman? Or is that he is just lusting for her gentle touch? In the first stanza of this poem, the man begins by expressing his feelings for the young woman. He starts off by trying to flatter the young woman. He does this by telling her that if he had all the time in the world, he would use it by telling her how beautiful she was. Since he knows that they do not have all the time in the world, he uses his charm and persuasion to try to get her to become intimate with him. In my opinion, at this point of the poem, it seems as if the man has...

Different Types Of Play Essay

1. The materials used in play, what the benefits are and examples. Creative play is when children use their imagination and artistic skills to create what they want whilst doing activities such as painting, drawing, sticking, cutting and play dough. The materials that are used in this play are colouring pencils, scissors, glue, paper, crayons, stamps, aprons, feathers and paints. Creative play helps develop math skills because when they are sticking they are seeing a variety of different shapes and sizes and get a basic understanding of this. When children are being creative they are using and developing their fine motor skills, they are doing this by participating in activities such as painting, cutting and drawing. Children are expressing themselves in creative play using materials other than words and they can work together and socialise in the activities this will help build relationships with other children. Pretend play is what kids do to learn about their world and understand how to interact with the people and things that are in it. Children are being imaginative and act out what their parents do for example they play kitchen and mums and dads. This is an understanding of the world and everyday life. The materials that are used in this play are dressing up, plastic food, play kitchens, doll houses and push chairs. Children can express their feelings through pretend play because they may act out something that has happened to them before. It’s also an opportunity to talk to children about feelings and emotions. When children are pretend playing they are making up stories of their own for example they play ‘schools/ teachers’ and make up what’s going to happen. Children are developing their language skills through this and also their social skills because they will be playing with other children and sharing ideas of their own. Children are learning and developing how to problem solve because they all might want to be the teacher but they can’t so they will need to work out how they are going to do this. Physical play is any activity that you do when your body is involved with movement. The materials that are used in this play are bikes, skipping ro pes, footballs, hopping, hopscotch and apparatus. Physical activity helps develop children’s health and growth development. When children physical play they are improving their physical skills and it provides children with feelings of accomplishment, positive self-esteem and a sense of power and freedom. Children are improving their  gross motor skills because physical play involves coordination, jumping, running and balancing, anything to do with their feet and legs. Manipulative play is a play that involves children building and fitting things together. This play helps children develop their fine motor skills and hand co-ordination. It helps children become more confident in using different objects and equipment they will use as they get older. The materials that are used in this play are building blocks, puzzles and Lego/ Duplo. Children become increasingly skilful with their hands, and it also encourages them to think about their actions, plan them, and learn through trial-and-error. Manipulative play also helps childre n to learn the most suitable ways of performing certain actions. Discovery play is allowing children to learn about the world and how it works. Children grow in self-confidence and to experiment and investigate new things, to form new relationships and to develop as individuals. Discovery play is for children to explore, investigate and make sense of the world around them. They can feel the changes in the weather, discover the natural world and move and develop their physical strength. 3. Questions You have been asked to work with a group of children to make paper hats for a party. What type of play is this? This is creative play. How can you make sure that each child makes a hat in their own way? To make sure that each child makes a hat in their own way you could talk to them and help gather their own ideas to put them on their hat. Encourage the children to do it how they want to and not what everyone else is doing. What equipment and materials would you need? The equipment and materials that you need are glue, aprons, stickers, glitter, feathers, sequins, scissors, colouring pencils, cello tape and stapler. Can you describe what pretend play is? Pretend plays are children being imaginative and make believing. What are the different forms of pretend play? The different forms of pretend play are role play, domestic play, fantasy play, imaginative play, super hero play and socio dramatic play. What equipment or items can be used in pretend play? The equipment that can be used in pretend play is play kitchens, tea sets, and dress up, plastic food, card board boxes, books, dolls house, doctors set, plastic babies, teddies, plastic phones, apparatus and cutlery. How can pretend play fit in with the Early Years Curriculum? Pretend play fits in with the Early Years Curriculum by doing a theme. Within my placement my class had monsters week and children had to dress up as monsters at the end of the week. What are the benefits of physical play? The benefits of physical play are that children develop stronger immune systems and it improves focus and concentration. Physical play can promote problem solving skills and leadership skills. Children respond to their peers feelings while waiting for their turn and sharing their experiences, this helps develop their social and emotional development. Physical play contributes to children’s fine manipulative and gross motor development and body awareness as they use their bodies in activities. This helps their physical development. What type of equipment can be used for physical play and how can this help children develop? What age ranges this is suitable for? The type of equipment that can be used for physical play can be apparatus; this can help children develop their physical development. They are using their gross motor skills and fine motor skills because they are using their hands to grab and pull themselves up and they are using their feet to push themselves up, balance and climb over. The age ranges that are suitable for this would be 3-12 years old. What large pieces of equipment are there and which ones are particularly popular with the children? How do they use them? Within my placement they have slides, tunnels and tricycles in the playground. The tricycles and slides are the ones that are most popular with the children. The children that play with the tricycles they pretend that they are on motorbikes and make the sounds of it. Some children like to race with each other. Many skills are developed when riding a tricycle such as the ability of know when to slow down and speed up, pedal and steer. The slides, children learn to balance and build up their self-esteem. Children see slides as a challenge when they climb and they enjoy playing on it. What is manipulative play and can you give examples? Manipulative play is building and fitting things together. Examples; Lego Train set Puzzles Building blocks What are the benefits of manipulative play? The benefits of manipulative play are that children can work together, or on their own building blocks and this helps develop their social development. Children are developing their fine and gross motor skills, using their fingers to pick up the pieces. Also they are developing hand- eye coordination because if the child was doing a jigsaw they are looking where the puzzle piece may fit. Children are developing their language skills when playing with friends. When children have completed their activity such as a train set they will sense achievement because they completed it on their own, they may even set themselves a goal and do something a bit harder. What equipment can be used in manipulative play, what are the benefits and age ranges? Duplo can be used in manipulative play, the benefits of this are that children can gain confidence because there is no right way in playing with this equipment. Children are using hand-eye coordination and their fine manipulative skills. The suitab le age for this is 18 months- 5 years old. What is discovery play and can you give me some examples? Discovery play is playing that helps children learn and explore new things and how to use and play with them. Examples; Sand and water pit Farm yards Plasticine and play dough Cars What materials can be used to encourage discovery play? Buttons Pebbles Pasta Different coloured paper Rice How could children combine play? Children can combine play by putting toys with another. Examples; Sand pit with dinosaurs. Water with boats, plastic sea creatures or cups. Playing with the Play dough in the kitchen, making things, pretend food. Case study questions 1. How is this type of language helping Ayse develop her language? It helps develop Ayses language because it encourages to communicate with other children when she is around them. 2. What other skills is Ayse learning?  She is using her fine manipulative skills, sensory and thinking skills. 3. Why is it important that the child minder is ready to join in and support this type of play? It’s important that the child minder is ready to join in and support this type of play because it will give Ayse ideas on what to use to pretend feed her teddy. The child minder can make sure that Ayse is safe when playing and is calm. 4. What is treasure basket play and Heuristic play? Treasure basket play is a play that babies use, it’s a basket that has a variety of toys in that are suitable for the child to play with. The baby can choose what they want to play with and it gives them a chance to explore the different toys inside the basket. They can touch, shake, licking, banging and dropping. The materials that are used in this play are corks, shells, string, sponges, leather wallet and metal scoop. Heuristic play is a play that children use who are mobile and have moved on from treasure basket play. It encourages children to explore through the use of children’s senses. The types of things that are put out for the child to explore would be everyday objects. Children do anything to find out what they can and can’t do with the objects that they have been given, they will put things together or put them on top of each other. The materials that are used for this play are cork, plastic bracelets, pompoms, pegs and different sized bottles. The role of the adult is to show what the children need to do because they aren’t going to know what to do with the things in the basket. Showing the children what to do gives them ideas on what else they might be able to do with it. Children love to explore with the different objects.  When the children are playing the adult shouldn’t interfere and just supervise them because they want to explore on their own, only interfere if children need your help. You should have objects that babies can put in their mouth because that’s the first thing babies will do with whatever they have in front of them, it’s how they feel the object. Babies can only grip objects, they aren’t able to feel with their hands properly which is why they put the objects in their mouth.