Response of Grass to Chemical Fertilizers Research Paper

Response of Grass to Chemical Fertilizers - Research Paper Example Do not put any fertilizer in pot E-1, 2 & 3 (Control). 6. Place all pots in lighted area 7. Water plants daily at noon or arrange automatic drip irrigation system 8. Measure plants at noon at 10 days intervals with ruler and record in notebook in units of millimeters for 50 days 9. Uproot 5 plants randomly from each pot at 5 days interval and record the oven dry weight for 50 days. Observations /Results: The data were analyzed by using statistical method for test of significance at 1% and / or 5% level of significance. In this experiment there are 5 treatments i.e 15-15-15, 46-0-0, 0-16-0, 0-0-60 and no fertilizer (Control) were replicated thrice resulting in 15 experimental units (pots).The design required is Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Table-1: Grass height (mm) at 10 DAS as affected by types of chemical fertilizers. Replications Treatments Replication Total Mean I II III 15-15-15 16 15 17 48 16 46-0-0 11 13 11 35 11.7 0-16-0 10 9 10 29 9.7 0-60-0 10 11 10 31 10.3 Control (No fertilizer) 9 10 8 27 9 Total 56 58 56 170 11.33 NB: DAS- Days after sowing Like wise all data for next dates recording grass height i.e. at 20DAS, 30DAS, 40DAS and finally 50DAS were analyzed by using CRD. Then the F value in ANOVA table is compared with the table value and then the significance is measured at 1% and / or 5% level. Finally the plant heights for all dates of observation are arranged in a single table for result discussion and conclusion. Table-6: Grass height (mm) as affected by fertilizer types at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50DAS DAS Treatments 10 20 30 40 50 15-15-15 16 25 38 48 56 46-0-0 11.7 16.3 19.6 24.5 29.2 0-16-0 9.7 12.9 14.8 15.9 18.6 0-0-60 10.3 13.4 15.3 18.3 19.5 Control (No fertilizer) 9 11.4 13.5 14.6 19.1 CD... The data were analyzed by using statistical method for test of significance at 1% and / or 5% level of significance. In this experiment there are 5 treatments i.e 15-15-15, 46-0-0, 0-16-0, 0-0-60 and no fertilizer (Control) were replicated thrice resulting in 15 experimental units (pots).The design required is Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Like wise all data for next dates recording grass height i.e. at 20DAS, 30DAS, 40DAS and finally 50DAS were analyzed by using CRD. Then the F value in ANOVA table is compared with the table value and then the significance is measured at 1% and / or 5% level. If the mean difference between 5 treatments was more than the CD then the application of chemical fertilizer did not have any significant effect on the grass height and they were at par with each other. If the difference exceeds the CD value then the treatments were different from each other or in other words the application of fertilizer was having significant effect on the grass height and dry matter accumulation. My original hypothesis was that application of chemical fertilizer (15-15-15) to soil would be better over the control. My results showed that application of chemical fertilizer was having significant effect on the grass height and dry matter accumulation over the same period of growth.

Symbolism in Young Goodman Brown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Symbolism in Young Goodman Brown - Essay Example Young Goodman Brown is a satire on Puritanism and what Hawthorne perceives to be its hypocrisies. Hawthorne employs an abundance of symbolisms all throughout the narrative to create an atmosphere of evil deeply lurking behind the faces of the characters in the story behind their benevolent faà §ade. The story revolves around a young man named Goodman Brown and one particular night in his life which would forever change his life and his perception of the people and the world around him. That one night is the night when Goodman Brown is to finally determine whether he would finally succumb to the temptation of becoming a part of a witches’ coven in Salem. As he walks through the forest to the predetermined meeting place where he would take his official vow to the group, he sees a lot of things which makes him vacillate with his decision. He sees the people he often sees in the church, people who are known for their piety, wisdom and kindness, people who serve in the high positions of the government. He sees his old catechism teacher and spiritual counselor, the Salem’s minister, Deacon Gookin, other pious people and even his young wife, Faith in the company of the devil. This last revelation is the last straw that broke the camel’s back, so to speak. Brown de cides to embrace evil having lost the wife he wants to be good for. In the rite held at the unholy altar, as Satan is about to put the mark of baptism on his and his wife’s heads, Brown makes his last stand and cries out in protest and urges his wife to resist the devil. He suddenly finds himself alone and back in the middle of the forest. Goodman Brown lives the rest of his life a miserable man, still wondering whether what he went through was real or merely a dream. Nevertheless, he remains suspicious of all the people around him and even of his wife and lives his life in isolation from the people in his

Cloning Brachyury from SW480 in pNEB193 plasmid Essay - 3

Cloning Brachyury from SW480 in pNEB193 plasmid - Essay Example igure 2: The total RNA was extracted from SW480 cells by use of Norgen’s Total RNA Purification Kit, the samples were then denatured in rapid Formalin – free RNA loading buffer which had Formalin – Free RNA dye. They were then incubated for 5 minutes at a temperature of 700C. Lane number one was filled with RNA ladder 5 ÃŽ ¼L. The lanes from number 2 to 20 contained 10 ÃŽ ¼L of each of the class samples. The image capture was then done using GelDocEZ system. 3-Table 1: The concentration and purity of the total extracted RNA from the SW480 cells for the sample H was is shown in table 1. The resulting concentration of RNA was 82.88 ng/ul. An RQI of 7.3 indicated that the RNA quality was accepted. The ratio (28S/18S) was 0.93 though the recommended ratio is 2 The plasmid preparation experiment was undertaken before the start of the RNA extraction. The purpose of this experiment was to purify enough linearized phosphatise treated pNEB183 plasmid to be utilised in the ligation reaction. This purification was attained through several steps that started with the purification of the inoculated plasmid from E.coli culture in LB/ampilicin broth. Using Qubit analysis, the concentration of the purified plasmid was calculated to be 5.1 ul. The EcoR1 enzyme was then utilised to digest the circular plasmid into a linear plasmid which was then treated using alkaline phosphatise enzyme to remove the 5’ phosphate group and hinder self – ligation. The sample was then loaded on 0.8% agarose gel so as to visualize and purify the linearized plasmid from the gel by use of purification method as shown in figure 5: In figure 5, two bands were clearly seen in the second lane. The first band was an uncut plasmid. The second band was a linear plasmid. Adequate preparation took place as the linear plasmid could migrate longer on the gel. The second band was bright and shiny. It was 2797 bps in length. It also contained ...ul/mg concentration of plasmid. Using x tracta Gel Extraction

The morality of toture: Suspected Criminals And Terrorists

The morality of toture: Suspected Criminals And Terrorists The principle of torture has been brought back into the forefront of philosophical debate following the September 11th 2001 terrorist attacks in New York bringing about the War on Terror. So much so, that torture has been considered as a way of combating problems with suspected criminals and terrorists. The matter of torture has been the centre of legal discussion, often being juxtaposed against the human rights issue. Cases such as Abu Ghraib, the prison in Iraq and the detainees held at Guantà ¡namo Bay, have increased the publics awareness of issues surrounding torture, and have fuelled debates concerning the true liberalness of democratic countries; which countries like the US are supposed to encapsulate. What is more, should these democracies be condemning morally wrong topics like torture, or should their prime concern be the safety and security of its citizens? Furthermore, how can these two ideas be reconciled, and what implications will this have for the law? Why Is Torture Morally Wrong? It is fundamental to the understanding of this debate to recognise why torture is seen as inherently wrong with strong moral objections, and why it is regarded as a violation of rights. Only then, can we unravel its significance when posed with questions of terrorist threats and its repercussions on the legal system. If we are unable to dispel what it is about torture that we find morally inconceivable then it is hard to assess under what circumstances it can be practiced or even legitimised. Cesare Beccaria, wrote in his paper, Moral Protest, the impression made by pain may grow to such an extent that having filled the whole of the sensory field, it leaves the torture victim no freedom to do anything but choose the quickest route to relieving himself of the immediate pain. Thus, torture can be seen as posing two areas of concern, not only does it involve the application of extreme amounts of pain and suffering; it also infringes on a persons right to a fair trial. These both amount to why torture is morally wrong in its means of interrogating suspects. Within Western democracies, a key concept is the principle of human autonomy. Therefore, torture aims to completely disregard one of the essential foundations upon which democracy was built. It reduces a human to such a degree that they destroy all traces of individuality so that they are unable to make decisions. A tortured being is only capable of comprehending one thing; that being the urgency to be released from pain. It is this power that allows the torturer to gain the information or confession he wishes. In The moral wrongness of torture, Fatima Kola describes this state as an attempt to annihilate agency. Torture can annihilate agency because it seeks to lower the person to a standard in which they cannot make rational choices, being subject to physical or psychological torment. Hence, it is understandable why torture is considered morally wrong, and how anyone who accepts this as a means of interrogation must be able to justify the degradation of personal autonomy and human rights. We must also consider why it would be so morally repulsive to be tortured. Henry Shue believes that one of the main reasons for this is that it constitutes as an attack on the defenceless. This idea is furthered by Sussman who has a unique argument as to why torture is so repugnant. He states in, Whats Wrong with Torture? So construed, torture turns out to be not just an extreme form of cruelty, but the pre-eminent just an extreme form of cruelty, but the pre-eminent instance of a kind of forced self-betrayal. Thus torture is a distinctive kind of wrongness not often found in other acts. As what is embedded in the core of torture is the form of self-betrayal that it harbours. The victim if forced into a state of defencelessness and powerlessness. They are broken down until they lack all personal autonomy and rationality. Whats more, Sussmen believes that the victim is lowered to such a degree that their own body becomes their main attacker, leaving them to feel debased. Such a view t hen naturally finds the physical and emotional strains of torture as abhorrent, rendering it morally wrong in all circumstances. Alternative Arguments That Justify Torture Perhaps it is because society is no longer as shocked at images of torture that is has become more accepted within legal discussions. Exposure to scenes of pain and brutality in culture has allowed for people to be more open minded about the debate of torture. Yet, amongst this, two distinct arguments exist. There are those that believe torture can be morally justified where it prevents a greater devastation from occurring, that it is the lesser of two evils. Arguments from this standpoint are utilitarian, which allow the torturing of one life to save many innocent lives. The main focus for utilitarians is the end goal and the idea that torture can be justified according to the circumstances at the time. This is particularly important in terrorist cases, where utilitarians argue that a terrorist has lost his claim to a normal standard of human rights by endangering the lives of innocents, and therefore cannot expect to have the same amount of protection as an ordinary citizen. Henry Shue, gives a further explanation to justify acts of torture in that, since killing is worse than torture, killing is sometimes permitted, especially in war, we ought sometimes to permit torture. However this argument is flawed as there are other more important factors that need to be considered rather than just the degree of harm done. If we are to compare the acts of killing that take place in war to the torture of a suspected terrorist, then the most obvious difference is that in warfare, both parties have equal opportunities to kill or be killed. Whereas a terrorist or criminal who is being tortured is subject to the whim of the torturer. Thus, I do not believe this creates a valid argument to justify torture. On the other hand, there are those who believe torture should be absolutely prohibited, and that under no circumstance can it be morally justified. These arguments are based on a deontological view. Utilitarians claim this view is morally self-indulgent and sometimes it is acceptable to sacrifice your morality for the greater good. However, deontologists are criticised for their lack to reconcile with what is known as the ticking bomb scenario. One should consider the hypothetical example of where a man is aware of the location of a bomb that has been planted in a large shopping centre. He knows it will be detonated within the next few hours and the police have him detained. In this situation is it morally wrong to torture one person to find out the location of the bomb, in order to save the lives of many? In this most extreme situation, even the strictest deontologists cannot deny that torture may be justifiable to such a threat, despite it been inherently wrong. In this context the re are two conflicts at play. There is the moral consequence that exists in torturing someone; however this has to be balanced against the moral consequence of the death of many people, (it seems to be a simple matter of numbers.) Thus it is vital to consider this moral dilemma as a whole and as not individual parts. In this way, deontological morality is not completely lost by rendering utilitarian views as applicable. Moral deliberation can thus be settled by balancing the deontological objections of torture with the justification given by utilitarians, as Sussman argues, torture constitutes a moral wrong that requires more justification than killing. Thus, by focussing on the morality of the act, we are allowed to mediate between absolute prohibition and utilitarian ideas. However each circumstance gives rise to different issues on morality and torture, as not all situations will follow the ticking bomb scenario. At which point can you draw the line between appreciating the opposing demands and upholding moral integrity? As stated earlier, it is vital to look at the situation as a whole, made up of constituents, in order to weigh up where the morality lies. Only then is it possible to make credible conclusions and allow us to make a morally right decision. Implications For The Law For the law to include a provision for torture would be very brave, and require an act of moral courage. In Torture and Positive Law: Jurisprudence for The White House, Waldron argues that legalising torture will have negative ramifications on our legal system, leading to eventual malfunction. The basis of negating torture into law finds it origins in morality. The morally wrong nature of torture is reflected and reinforced by the law. The laws represent its regard for the superiority of human rights and its belief in personal autonomy. It embodies the concept that human life is sacred and must be shown respect. Therefore by including torture within the law it gives the impression that it is not disapproved in the same way and the moral integrity of the legal system becomes undermined. Promoting respect amongst your fellow citizens becomes a hypocritical concept, as torture is one of the worst offences against a person. This gives a tainted message to society as the law no longer pro hibits torture as a method of interrogation. Legalising torture will also have further international repercussions, especially for countries like the US and UK. These countries have a firm approach in not tolerating torture in other countries that do not give enough weight on the importance of human rights. By legitimising torture, these countries will be sending the wrong message to the rest of the world, implying that they encourage the State to use torture as a means to a way. R. Dworkin, in Laws Empire, believes that legalising torture could affect public morality. The law is a mechanism which guides citizens through their everyday lives, telling them the correct way to behave and what is acceptable conduct in society. In this way, prohibiting torture from the law mirrors the message of mutual respect and harmony that we wish to permeate through society. This could be compromised with the inclusion of torture within the legal system, lowering peoples standards of morality. The recognition of torture could have further affects on society through its interpretation; that people may find it suitable to be violent to those who they feel deserve it, thus generally increasing levels of crime. There is a risk that torture may not encompass a sense of inherent wrongness and taboo as it does now. As people become more open to its implications and practice, being confronted by its affects on a daily basis, so torture will become part of what is accepted. Therefore, the strength of the law will be severely undermined with the prohibition of torture no longer upheld to symbolise actions that can be regarded as morally wrong. As torture is claimed to be one of the most appalling acts that can be committed, its justification will lead to questions such as why other wrongs, which are considered as a lesser wrong than torture are not also legalised. Waldron concisely summarises this concept as the unravelling of the surrounding law. Sangeeta Mandhir, in Basing arguments for legalising torture on moral justifications, describes this as having a domino-type effect. In that once the prohibition of torture is challenged, it will be harder to justify why other acts such as battery, which is considered less offensive than torture, is not also made legal by law. Furthermore, if torture becomes legitimised, than the supposed guilt felt by the torturer is weakened. Since the act is no longer illegal it will justify his actions and so reduces the level of guilt, and in turn this is converse affects for what is seen as moral. If no guilt is felt then one cannot feel he has committed an immoral act. Indeed what makes torture worse for society is the justification in that it serves to benefit the community. This implies that society gives torture a mandate in which it can be implemented by allowing it into the legal system. As the torture is being carried out in the name of societys security and safety, citizens can be said to hold a shared responsibility for the shocking acts performed upon the victims of torture. Therefore, the State has multiple factors that are intrinsic when considering the legalising of torture. Consisting of not only of the end result, that being security for the nation; but also the upholding of liberal democratic values upon which society is based, so not to compromise principles such as liberty, integrity and human rights. Conclusion It is clear that for a debate on torture it is impossible not to consider morality, as the two concepts are inextricably linked. Torture, by definition in this essay is regarded as morally wrong and inherently abhorrent. Yet there seems to be circumstances for which people believe it could be the only course of action. Thus, if there are situations in which torture can be justified, should the State consider reversing the absolutist prohibition stance on torture within the legal system that exists today? In my opinion, the answer is no. Torture is fundamentally abusive to our morals and ethics. Its existence in society risks undermining the humanitarian principles that also exist. Despite the utilitarian views concerning the welfare of the greater good, what needs to be remembered is that the short term benefits for legalising torture for situations such as the ticking bomb scenario have to be measured against the long term consequences of legalising such a morally detested act, for its effects on society. I believe these two polar concepts can be reconciled through reasonable deontology. This approach allows for torture to occur in a situation that poses a serious threat to society, yet it does not justify the act and still remains firm on the view that torture should be legally prohibited in the law. As Jens David Ohlin in The Bounds of Necessity, believes, legalising torture opens a Pandoras Box of unsavoury consequences, especially for society. Society should not be allowed to excuse torture as a morally right way of interrogating criminals or suspected terrorists, for if this is allowed we stand to lose the fundamental principles that the law is supposed to uphold, thus changing the nature of societys moral commitments.

Phil Jackson And Buddhism Essay example -- essays research papers fc

Buddhism is a major Asian religion studied and practiced in countries such as Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia. Although Buddhism is a growing religion throughout the world, in particular, the practice of meditation is spreading in the West. The United States has a center for Buddhists in Hawaii and New York and also a Buddhist community has been established in California. (Hewitt, 13-14) But even closer to home for most is the practicing of Zen Buddhism on the basketball court by former Chicago Bulls and present Los Angeles Lakers coach Phil Jackson. In this essay I will discuss how Jackson has incorporated some of the practices of Zen Buddhism into his and the players of his teams lives and how it has been effective for the game and the lives of those involved. I will also touch on his use of combined Zen and Christianity along with his extended interest in the Lakota Sioux. â€Å"The Chicago Bulls’ Buddha-like guru Phil Jackson inks the richest coaching deal in N.B.A. history ($6 million for one last season [with the Bulls])† (Notebook, 11). There may be some sound reasoning behind this. Michael Jordan was quoted on how some team members are starting to use Jackson’s religion to help them win, â€Å"It’s that Zen Buddhism stuff. We’re practicing smiling when we may be frustrated inside so we can relieve some tension. It’s an art form† (Quotables, 1). Jackson speaks in depth to his team about ejecting selfishness and egotism (Eckman, 3). â€Å"He describes Jordan in the late 80’s as a player who tried to beat the other team by himself† (Zen Teamwork). He not only helped lead Jordan to play like a star but led the Bulls to be a winning team. He and several of his former players believe that this is partially due to what they practiced in the years Jackson was coach. Not only did they study bas ketball, as writer Frank Deford for Sports Illustrated noted in a cover story on Jackson, they took part in â€Å"group meditations and pregame ‘nap time’† (84). Not to mention poetry and assigned books (83). These things may sound odd but as one of the beliefs of Zen says, â€Å"Don’t get caught up in only one way of doing things; and don’t look at things from just one point of view. If you try another way, or change your point of view, the results will always be different† (Chung, 99). Jackson definitely looks at and coaches basketball from a different point of view then most coach... .... As an attention getter to his team before a big game when they are wondering if the meditating and poetry will pay off or if they are just wasting their time, Jackson reminds them of his awareness by saying, â€Å"It’s like you’re going along at 65 miles an hour, listening to your hip-hop music, and your cell phone is ringing, and you’re eating a Big Mac, and you spill ketchup on your shirt. You look down. And when you look back up: right ahead of you, it’s all red lights. There’s just too much going on in your lives† (Deford, 84) Works Cited Chung, Tsai Chih. Wisdom of the Zen Masters. New York: Doubleday, 1998. Deford, Frank. â€Å"Father Phil.† Sports Illustrated 1 Nov. 1999: 82-91 Eckman, Dr. Jim. â€Å"Issues in Perspective.† 2 April 2000. Grace University: â€Å"Zen and the Art of Teamwork.† Fortune 25 Dec 1995 Hewitt, Catherine. Buddhism. New York: Thomson Learning, 1995. Jackson, Phil, and Hugh Delehanty. Sacred Hoops: Spiritual Lessons of a Hardwood Warrior. New York: Phil Jackson, 1995. â€Å"Notebook.† Time 4 Aug. 1997: 11 â€Å"Quotables.† Home page. 26 April 2000.

Pittsburgh Youth Study Essay

According to the Pittsburgh Youth Study conducted by Katharine Browning, Ph.D., and Rolf Loeber, Ph.D., it was found that there are multiple factors that are connected with youth delinquency.   The objective of the study was to determine the factors in delinquency involvement and other related behaviors (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   Those involved in the study consisted of three groups of boys, and they were observed within the duration of almost ten years (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   The study group included a random selection of first, fourth and seventh graders.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To begin with, Browning and Loeber (1999) found that African-American boys were more prone to juvenile delinquency than their Caucasian counterparts.   It was also discovered that as widespread delinquency increased, so did the frequency.   Again, the percentage for African-American boys were higher than Caucasian ones.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, the study showed that delinquent behaviors followed a certain pattern; what began as a less serious behavior eventually progressed to a more serious one (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   Browning and Loeber (1999) listed three pathways which categorized the offenses, all of which displayed the shift from a less serious offense like lying to a more serious act like property damage or fighting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   More importantly, the study determined two factors that causes juvenile offense.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first one was innate forces, internal factors such as intelligent quotient (IQ) and personality (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   The second factor was external forces, which consists of family members and friends (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   The external forces were contained within different environments, such as the school and home (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The study also came across some â€Å"individual risk factors† (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   First, it was found that careless behaviors were related to delinquency (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   Other factors that contributed to delinquency include intelligence quotient and socioeconomic status (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   Second, delinquents were found to have â€Å"low threshold for negative feelings,† and were more prone to an impulsive manner (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   Aside from these, there were other risk factors like depression and guilt (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Browning and Loeber also determined how family factors are also related to delinquency.   Poor supervision is a major element in delinquency; specific examples include the repercussions of physical punishments and inadequate communication between parents and sons (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   â€Å"Other family risk factors include low socioeconomic status, bad neighborhood and exposure to social services† (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   Moreover, it was found that broken families also caused delinquency (Browning & Loeber, 1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The findings of the study provided the authorities with warning signs to look out for in potential delinquents.   In my opinion, the government should take these findings and work out a plan to avoid further delinquency.   According to the findings, the most prone to delinquency are those with low socioeconomic status, those with family problems, and African-American boys.    The government should then focus their efforts to these specific categories.   For instance, they can hold summer camps for African-American youth, where they can instill positive values so that they would not go astray.   They should provide seminars for parents, so that they can be more effective in their parenting and communicating with their children.   Since delinquency can be traced to one’s socioeconomic status, the government should create venues for the improvement of one’s social standing.   These findings are extremely helpful in stopping youth delinquency, and the government should take advantage of these to effect change.   References Browning, K., & Loeber, R. (1999). Highlights of findings from the Pittsburgh youth study. OJJDP Fact Sheet, 95.

American First Foreign Policy essays

American First Foreign Policy essays In a time when the country was still as vulnerable as a newborn baby, the United States was already undergoing the stresses of the world. Since the country wasnt a major player in the international scene at first there wasnt as much of a worry as it later came to be. Later on when France declared war on England, Prussia, and other neighboring countries, the United States was under much pressure to stick to the treaties of 1778 which bound it to France. George Washington believed that neutrality was the best option and that there was no better choice of action. Later on the president issued The Proclamation of Neutrality, where it stated, I have therefore thought fit by these presents to declare the disposition of the United States to observe the conduct aforesaid towards those Powers respectfully; and to exhort and warn the citizens of the United States carefully to avoid all acts and proceedings whatsoever, which may in any manner tend to contravene such disposition. Washington in no way wanted to displease either side so that trading and certain treaties would not be broken. The Proclamation of Neutrality simply said that the United States would not intervene in the wars of other countries. This was completely what Washington saw as the best way to handle the situation at hand, which was the war in Europe. This Proclamation became what the US abided by for the next 102 years. In 1793 France sent their P.M Edmond GÃ ªnets. As soon as he reached US soil, he set out to find American sailors and get them to be privateers sailing under the French flag, and to capture British ships. He even set up courts to condemn those who were captured. Later on he set up for western frontiersmen to go on an expedition and sent them off to attack Spanish New Orleans. Washington insisted that he stop what he was illegally doing, Genet didnt listen and continued. Finally Genet wound up expelled from the Uni...